Examining pandemic stress and mental health among a community-based sample of sexual minority women in Los Angeles County

In partnership with community stakeholders, the present study aimed to gather descriptive data on pandemic-related stress and its association with mental health outcomes among a community sample of self-identified sexual minority women (SMW) in Los Angeles County (N = 84;Mage = 35.61). The sample was comprised solely of women (i.e. self-identified gender identity as woman, including cisgender and transgender women). Data were collected in April 2021, the ‘third wave' of the COVID-19 global pandemic. Los Angeles experienced some of the highest COVID-19 incidence rates in the United States. Yet, there was a significant lack of COVID-19 data on SMW, thus making it difficult to address the specific needs of this community. Background data were collected on pre-existing health conditions and COVID-19 infection history. Data were specific to COVID-19 stressors in the areas of mental health, financial strain, social isolation and health and discrimination concerns. Findings revealed that mental health concern was strongly associated with financial strain (r = .63, p < .01), social isolation (r = .62, p < .01) and health and discrimination concerns (r = .63, p < .01), thus demonstrating the wide-ranging negative impact of pandemic stressors on the mental health of SMW in Los Angeles during the third wave of COVID-19. Recommendations for future research, practice and policy implications are discussed. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Psychology & Sexuality is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Longitudinal effects of pandemic stressors and dyadic coping on relationship satisfaction during the COVID-19 pandemic

Objective: This study examined changes in relationship satisfaction during the COVID-19 pandemic and the moderating roles of financial strain, perceived threat of COVID-19, and dyadic coping. Background: The systemic-transactional model of dyadic coping posits that relationship satisfaction varies as a function of the stressors partners face and their engagement in dyadic coping. Method: About 188 partnered adults completed questionnaires at three time points during the initial confinement period of the COVID-19 pandemic and at a 20-month follow-up. Results: Relationship satisfaction increased during the first confinement period and returned to its baseline level at the 20-month follow-up. Greater financial strain and perceived threat of COVID-19 were associated with poorer relationship satisfaction over time. Dyadic coping buffered the negative impact of financial strain on relationship satisfaction during the initial confinement period, but not 20 months later. Conclusions: Most individuals were resilient to the effect of pandemic stressors on relationship satisfaction. The buffering effect of dyadic coping was observed during the initial confinement period when access to support resources outside the family unit was curtailed. Implications: Intervention efforts to promote dyadic coping and financial well-being for couples may be especially helpful in the context of strict confinement measures. © 2023 The Authors. Family Relations published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of National Council on Family Relations.

Fear of covid-19, stress and coping strategies among nurses during the covid-19 pandemic's second wave: A quasi-intervention study

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic and its related consequences caused a higher risk of mental health problems for nurses. Hence, this study aims to reduce the level of fear and stress related to the COVID-19 pandemic and promote active coping among Egyptian nurses. Method(s): This quasi-intervention study was conducted on 125 nurses working at Benha's University hospitals, who were selected by a systematic random sampling technique within the time interval of March 2021 to July 2021. The study was conducted using the fear of COVID-19 scale, the stress scale of depression, anxiety and stress scales, and the Brief (COPE) inventory scale. Result(s): The mean ages of the studied nurses were 36.70 +/- 9.50. Almost half of the studied nurses were males and married. Before the intervention, 47.2% of nurses had severe stress levels while 82.4% had a high level of fear of COVID-19. Experience years, type of department, and worries about vaccine side effects were the predictors of the fear of COVID-19. A significant difference (p =.000) was found between both mean stress and fear scores pre-intervention (15.27 +/- 5.47 and 25.56 +/- 6.13) and post-intervention (4.87 +/- 2.14 and 11.92 +/- 2.43). The most prevalent coping strategies among nurses before the intervention were self-distraction (5.03 +/- 1.53), followed by behavioral disengagement and self-blaming. However, after the intervention, religion was found to be the utmost coping mechanism (6.12 +/- 1.17), followed by positive reframing and acceptance. Conclusion(s): The majority of the nurses in the study reported a significant fear of COVID-19, and around half of the nurses had severe stress as a result. After the intervention, the stress and fear scores were reduced by half or even less. Age, longer work experience, and worries about the vaccine were the predictors of fear of COVID-19. The coping strategies used after the intervention shifted toward active coping strategies.Copyright © 2023 Omar et al.

COVID-19: Relationship between stress management and emotional intelligence in working environment

This study aimed to assess the association between emotional and stress intelligence in the work of health employees in times of pandemic. The main purpose of this study is to measure the level of emotional intelligence and stress to health workers during the pandemic and to interconnect between these variables. In the study, 150 health workers were attended by UCCK (University Clinical Center of Kosovo), from 63 men and 87 females. The sample is randomly selected, from two employee shifts. The methodology of this study is used quantitative methods. In this study two instruments were used, the one who measures emotional intelligence as well as the instrument that measures stress at work. The findings of this study have resulted that there is no significant link between emotional intelligence and stress at work during the pandemic time at Health Workers in UCCK, also from the results we understand that the level of emotional intelligence and the level of stress reaches the highest average in males than in women but that these differences are not significant. In the end, it can be said that the findings of the study will be important to health workers to take steps to stress management during the Covid-19 pandemic and apply different methods for the development of emotional intelligence during this time. © 2023, SRAC - Romanian Society for Quality. All rights reserved.

Mental Health Needs in COVID and Post-COVID Era-How Far Can Telepsychiatry Address the Challenges?

The coronavirus pandemic of 2019 has resulted in extensive social regulations and affected many aspects of life. It has led to significant stress and adversely impacted mental health across the globe. The virus has been found to directly increase neuropsychiatric sequelae in those affected. Various psychosocial factors have also increased the incidence and prevalence of mental health problems worldwide. There was a need for a ramp-up of psychiatric services to support individuals in such a situation. Even after the pandemic, there is a need for improving access to mental health services for the mentally ill as well as those affected by the regulations brought about to tackle the pandemic. Telepsychiatric services are in place throughout the world in different forms and are the answer to bridging the mental health gap during and in the aftermath of the pandemic. Hence, it is important to continue developing and enhancing tele psychiatric services in different countries for supporting and treating individuals affected by the pandemic.Copyright © 2023 Bentham Science Publishers.

COVID-19 Stress on Mental and Hair Health: A Marker for Diseases in the Post-Pandemic Era

The seriousness of the COVID-19 pandemic with accumulating stress factors, including lack of pharmacotherapy, quarantine, social distancing, delay of vaccination, and economic uncertainties, may foster fear and psychiatric disorders that can precipitate or aggravate hair/scalp disease. Hair loss can lead to decreased self-esteem, potentiating the negative effects on social life and generating a vicious cycle of stress during the pandemic. The relationship between environment and behavior can also trigger epigenetic changes in diseases, which may influence the health of the next generations. In this review, we describe the interaction between the physiological mechanisms of stress on hair follicles and hair disorders and openly discuss during pandemic/post-pandemic (not genetically determined but epigenetically triggered) hair loss as a point of concern as a health marker for further development of chronic diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, psychiatric disorders, and others.Copyright © 2022 Bentham Science Publishers.

Physicians' Well-Being Top Ethics Issue

The article focuses on the Study to Examine Physicians' Pandemic Stress (STEPPS) which interviewed physicians experienced and responded to the unprecedented work conditions during the pandemic. Topics include moral stress and burnout caused by perpetuating racial and ethnic disparities due to institutional policies, stress caused by public resistance to vaccines, and the difficulties posed by constraints on transferring patients between hospitals.

Solitary Cannabis Use and Related Consequences Among College Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Solitary cannabis use has been associated with greater cannabis problems than social use and may be increasingly prevalent due to pandemic-related isolation. However, little is known about patterns, correlates, and consequences of solitary cannabis use. This study sought to characterize solitary cannabis use since pandemic onset, examine psychosocial risk factors, and examine interactions between solitary and social cannabis use frequency on cannabis consequences. College students (N = 168) who were lifetime cannabis users at a private, northeastern university in the US completed an online cross-sectional survey in fall of 2020. Past-year solitary cannabis use was common among life-time cannabis users (42% past year, 29% monthly or more), especially among past-year regular cannabis users (85% monthly or more). Solitary use frequency was associated with interpersonal sensitivity and pandemic-related stress. Further, solitary use attenuated associations of social use frequency with cannabis consequences, such that social use frequency was associated with greater consequences only among exclusively social users. In contrast, regardless of social use frequency, solitary users reported greater cannabis consequences than exclusively social users. Findings suggest solitary cannabis use is concurrently associated with greater cannabis consequences, and affective risk factors (interpersonal sensitivity, pandemic stress) should be considered for prevention and intervention strategies.

Psychosocial work environment stressors for school staff during the COVID-19 pandemic: Barriers and facilitators for supporting wellbeing.

Introduction: After periods of remote and/or hybrid learning as a result of the COVID-19 global pandemic, the return to in-person learning has been beneficial for both students and teachers, but it has not been without challenges. This study was designed to assess the impact of the return to in-person learning on the school experience, and efforts made to ease the transition in furthering a positive in-person learning environment. Materials and methods: We conducted a series of listening sessions with 4 stakeholder groups: students (n = 39), parents (n = 28), teachers/school staff (n = 41), and a combination of listening sessions and semi-structured interviews with building level and district administrators (n = 12), focusing on in-school experiences during the 2021-2022 school year amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. A primarily deductive qualitative analysis approach was employed to code the data followed by a primarily inductive thematic analysis, followed by thematic aggregation, thus providing depth and identification of nuances in the data. Results: Three main themes emerged around school staff experiences: (1) increased levels of stress and anxiety manifested in key ways, including students' challenges with personal behavior management contributing to increased aggression and staff shortages; (2) school staff described key contributors to stress and anxiety, including feeling excluded from decision making and challenges with clear and consistent communication; and (3) school staff described key facilitators that supported their management of anxiety and stress, including adaptability, heightened attention and resources to wellbeing, and leveraging interpersonal relationships. Discussion: School staff and students faced significant stress and anxiety during the 2021-2022 school year. Further exploration and identification of approaches to mitigate key contributors to increased stress and anxiety for school staff, along with increased opportunities for implementing key facilitators that were identified as important in managing and navigating the increased stress and anxiety offer valuable opportunities for helping to create a supportive work environment for school staff in the future.

Parental Stress and Type of Stimulation for Children at Home in the COVID-19 context

The present research aimed to describe the type of stimulation at home and the levels of pandemic stress perceived in primary caregivers during the COVID-19 context;as well as evaluating the possible association between the aforementioned variables. The sample consisted of 304 Argentine primary caregivers of children from 0 to 12 years old (M age = 6,23 years, SD = 3,44 years, male = 136). An ad hoc sociodemographic questionnaire, an ad hoc Home Stimulation Questionnaire and the SISCO Pandemic Stress Inventory (ISEP;Macías, 2020) were administered. It was found that TV and the Internet were the most used devices by infants (2 to 4 hours a day). In turn, a positive association was found between overcrowding and higher levels of pandemic stress, the latter predominantly in families living with a person at risk, were themselves at risk or had difficulty sleeping. It is concluded that one must work with the type of content and the amount of time that infants are exposed to technological devices, and with the possible stress that may arise from families where there are people belonging to the risk group. (English) [ FROM AUTHOR]

Work, Depression and Pandemic Stress in Times of COVID-19 in Buenos Aires, Argentina

The present research aimed to evaluate the existence of relationships between Pandemic Stress and Depression, and determine significant differences focusing on aspects inherent to work like employment situation, company size and work modality. It was a non-experimental, correlational, and comparative, cross-sectional investigation. Instruments: SISCO Pandemic Stress Inventory (ISEP) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). In a sample of 520 subjects from Buenos Aires, Argentina, a positive association was found between Depression and Pandemic Stress (PS), specific stressors, and reactions to them. It was found that high levels of Pandemic Stress, (i.e.: fear that some relative is infected, hospital consultation, insufficient resources, among others) were associated to high levels of depression symptoms such as hopelessness, pessimism, self-criticism and sadness. Regarding the employment situation, the unemployed sample presented a higher level of depression, PS and reactions to it. 40.2% of the owners/entrepreneurs (99.3% of MSMEs) thought at some point in the quarantine to close their businesses, they also evidenced the highest levels of depression. People who worked from home showed a higher level of PS than those who worked outside their home, and in turn, they used the most coping strategies. MSMEs employees had a higher level of stressors than employees of large companies. Finally, 54.7% of the sample saw their economic income reduced, 44.2% presented a moderate to a severe Depression level, and 80.5% showed a strong to a very strong level of Pandemic Stress. This proves the importance of investigating the psychological impact of the demands around COVID-19 according to vital factors such as work and the economy, promoting public policies, developing tools, and providing resources to face the biopsychosocial vicissitudes that the population of developing countries is going through. © 2022, PsychOpen. All rights reserved.

Parents' pandemic stress, parental involvement, and family quality of life for children with autism.

Background: Research has shown that parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) suffered high levels of stress during the COVID-19 pandemic and faced poor family quality of life (FQOL). However, little is known about the inherent dynamic interaction between pandemic stress and FQOL, especially in the Chinese cultural context. Aims: This study provides preliminary evidence by examining the relationships among pandemic stress, parental involvement, and FQOL for children with autism in mainland China. Method: A total of 709 parents of children with autism completed measures of FQOL, parental involvement, and pandemic stress. Structural equation modeling was employed to examine the interrelations among these variables. Results: Pandemic stress has direct effect and indirect effect mediated by parental involvement on FQOL. Two dimensions of pandemic stress had a direct effect on FQOL (ß1 = 0.11; ß2 = -0.55) and three dimensions had an indirect effect on FQOL through parental involvement (ß1 = -0.097; ß2 = 0.257; ß3 = 0.114). Conclusion: Stress related to the COVID-19 pandemic affects family quality of life for children with autism in complex ways. Policies may be developed to enhance parental pragmatic hopefulness in the anti-epidemic victory and alleviate negative physical and mental reactions caused by the pandemic.

Music and mood regulation during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic

Music listening can be an effective strategy for regulating affect, leading to positive wellbeing. However, it is unclear how differences in disposition and personality can impact music's affective benefits in response to acute and major real-world stressful events. The COVID-19 pandemic provides a unique opportunity to study how music is used to cope with stress, loss, and unease across the world. During the first month of the spread of the COVID pandemic, we used an online survey to test if people from four different countries used music to manage their emotions during quarantine and if the functions of music depended on empathy, anxiety, depression, or country of residence. We found a positive relationship between the use of music listening for affect regulation and current well-being, particularly for participants from India. While people with stronger symptoms of depression and anxiety used music differently, the end result was still a positive change in affect. Our findings highlight the universality of music's affective potency and its ability to help people manage an unprecedented life stressor. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

Post-Pandemic Stress Disorder as an Effect of the Epidemiological Situation Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic.

According to many experts in the fields of psychology and psychiatry, the destabilization resulting from the coronavirus pandemic may not be as noticeable now as it will be after the pandemic period is over. Undoubtedly, the fact that the surrounding reality is standardized and normalized by many at present contributes to this. In the opinion of many researchers, the scale and degree of trauma experienced by society will only be noticed by many once the pandemic is over. Many also suggest that we will experience post-pandemic stress disorder. This literature review aims to bring together in one place the information that speaks to the nature of the problem, which is post-pandemic stress disorder. The main sections of the paper deal with exposure to the disorder in the general population and a review of the current literature on the subject. The second section deals with a group of medical personnel who are on the direct frontline in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic; it is assumed here that they are those who are at much higher risk of developing post-pandemic stress disorder.

The Stress Barometer: Validation of a Bio-Psycho-Social Brief Screening Instrument of Pandemic Stress Reaction.

Background: To capture the psychosocial impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, a model based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) was developed during the first lockdown in Germany in April 2020. FACT-19, the questionnaire for the assessment of pandemic stress load, measures (1) pre-pandemic stress, (2) pandemic stress, and (3) contextual factors (functioning as facilitators or barriers). Derived from this model, the stress barometer as a brief screening instrument captures these factors. The purpose of this study is a preliminary validation of the instrument. Method: The stress barometer was applied in conjunction with the Symptom-Checklist SCL-90-S at the beginning of the first lockdown in psychosomatic and psychotraumatological care in two federal states in Germany. The sample consists of n = 341 (68.6% female) from 18-73 years of age (M = 49.36, SD = 11.4). Results: The structure of the short screening was examined in the overall sample using an exploratory factor analysis [Chi2 (78) = 875.720, KMO = 0.688]. The results indicate a four-factor-structure that explains 59.5% of the total cumulative variance. The factors of the stress barometer correlate with the Global Severity Index (GSI, measured by SCL-90-S) with moderate to weak effects: pre-pandemic stress (r s = 0.431, p < 0.001, n = 295), pandemic stress (r s = 0.310, p < 0.001, n = 298), distal facilitator (r s = -0.155, p < 0.001, n = 312), and proximal barriers (r s = 0.232, p < 0.001, n = 312). Discussion: The results indicate the suitability of the stress barometer to complement the measurement of the impact of pandemics with an ICF-oriented approach, taking into consideration pre-pandemic stress as well as interactions with facilitators and barriers. Further analysis will be necessary for a revision of the items of the scale.

Modeling pandemic depression and anxiety: The mediational role of core beliefs and meaning making.

Background: The aim of this research was to examine core belief violation and disrupted meaning making as primary cognitive processes regulating mental health during the pandemic. The study tested the hypothesis that both these cognitive processes function as mediating mechanisms, accounting for the adverse mental health effects of multiple pandemic stressors. Methods: A survey design (N = 2380) assessed demographic variables associated with poor pandemic mental health (gender, age, ethnicity, education), direct COVID stressors (diagnosis, death), indirect COVID stressors (unemployment, increased living costs, childcare loss), core belief violation, meaning made of the pandemic, coronavirus anxiety (CA), depression, and general anxiety. RESULTS: Core belief violation and disrupted meaning making explained the severity of depression, general anxiety, and CA to a significantly greater degree than did demographics, direct COVID stressors, and indirect COVID stressors combined. In addition, core belief violation and disrupted meaning making significantly mediated the impact of direct and indirect COVID stressors on all mental health outcomes. Specifically, each stressor was associated with increased core belief violation and decreased meaning making of the pandemic, in turn, those whose core beliefs were violated and those who made less meaning of the pandemic experienced greater depression, general anxiety, and CA. Limitations: The use of a cross-sectional design prohibited assessment of alternative causal orders. Conclusions: This study describes the first unifying model of pandemic mental health, establishing violation of core beliefs and the inability to make meaning of the pandemic as targets for clinical intervention in the context diverse pandemic stressors.

Pandemic stress and the role of resources in expatriate-local interaction adjustment: an extension of Berry's model

Purpose The literature on expatriation rarely considers environmental stressors beyond cultural differences or interaction adjustment from the standpoint of host country nationals (HCNs). The authors develop a typology of expatriate-HCN interaction adjustment in response to a call to investigate the conditions under which pandemic stress facilitates cohesion or division among culturally diverse colleagues. Design/methodology/approach The typology is based on Berry's acculturation model, developed with conservation of resources theory and extended with the dual-concerns problem-solving framework from the conflict management literature. Findings The authors propose that expatriate and HCN perceptions of resource adequacy to cope with pandemic stress shape their choice of adjustment mode, and that contextual resources, including those provided by the organization, are critical. An Integration adjustment mode characterized by perceptions of adequate contextual resources and collaborative problem-solving is proposed to be most beneficial in the context of a pandemic to foster cohesion among culturally diverse colleagues, while a Separation mode characterized by perceptions of inadequate contextual resources and competitive problem-solving is proposed to foster division. Theoretical and practical contributions are provided. Originality/value The study takes a novel interdisciplinary approach to develop a contextualized typology of interaction adjustment between expatriates and HCNs. It contributes to the literature on managing multinational enterprise stakeholders in high-risk environments and offers insights into the formulation of international HRM policies and practices during a pandemic that are applicable to other high-risk contexts.

Understanding the people confined by the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative analysis

On 15 March 2020, the Spanish population was obliged to confine at home, with no time to prepare. The objective of this study was to analyse the effects this confinement had on the population. 1,044 citizens (aged 16-84) agreed to participate. The study followed a phenomenological, qualitative research design, and a non-probabilistic snowball sampling was used to recruit the sample. Seven days after the confinement began, a questionnaire including one open question was distributed through social networks, email and the media to an initial wave of participants. They were asked to redistribute it among their contacts to reach a larger and less biased sample. Three positive topics emerged from the data: calm, hope/optimism and spirituality;and 11 negative topics: concern, weariness, stress/irritability, suspicion, anxiety, sadness, longing, indignation, pessimism, depression;and two that reflected both sides: emotional alternation and resignation. Because significant psychological consequences were observed (post-traumatic stress symptoms, confusion and anger), we believe monitoring the Spanish population's mental health is necessary. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) (Spanish) El 15 de marzo de 2020, la poblacion espanola fue obligada a confinarse en casa, sin tiempo para prepararse. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los efectos del confinamiento en la poblacion confinada. 1044 ciudadanos (16-84 anos) accedieron a participar. Se siguio un diseno de investigacion cualitativo de tipo fenomenologico y un muestreo no-probabilistico 'bola de nieve' para reclutarlos. Siete dias despues de iniciarse el confinamiento, un cuestionario con una pregunta abierta fue distribuido a traves de redes sociales, correo electronico y medios de comunicacion a una primera oleada de participantes. Se les pidio que lo re-distribuyeran entre sus contactos para obtener varias oleadas y lograr una muestra amplia y menos sesgada. De los datos emergieron tres temas positivos: tranquilidad, esperanza/optimismo y espiritualidad, 11 negativos: preocupacion, hastio, estres/irritabilidad, desconfianza, ansiedad, tristeza, anoranza, indignacion, pesimismo, soledad y depresion, y dos que reflejan ambas caras: alternancia emocional y resignacion. Muestran consecuencias psicologicas importantes (sintomas de estres postraumatico, confusion y enojo), por lo que se hace preciso una vigilancia del estado de animo de la poblacion espanola. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

Neuropsychiatric Disorders in Pediatric Long COVID-19: A Case Series.

Few data are available regarding the incidence and the evolution of neuropsychiatric manifestations in children with a history of COVID-19. We herein report five consequent cases of pediatric patients with psychiatric and neurological symptoms of long COVID-19. All patients, mainly males, reported asymptomatic-to-mild COVID-19 and underwent home self-isolation. Abnormal movements, anxiety, and emotional dysregulation were the most recurrent symptoms observed from a few weeks to months after the resolution of the acute infection. A later onset was observed in younger patients. Blood tests and brain imaging resulted in negative results in all subjects; pharmacological and cognitive behavioral therapy was set. A multifactorial etiology could be hypothesized in these cases, as a result of a complex interplay between systemic and brain inflammation and environmental stress in vulnerable individuals. Longer follow-up is required to observe the evolution of neuropsychiatric manifestation in the present cohort and other young patients with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Family Resilience and Adolescent Mental Health during COVID-19: A Moderated Mediation Model.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted and is still impacting people's lives, including physical and mental health. Family plays an important role in adolescent mental health due to the long staying at home. AIMS: This paper aimed to investigate the impact of family resilience on adolescent mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the mediation role of pandemic stress perception and the moderation role of meta-mood. METHODS: A total of 2691 Chinese adolescents were recruited using convenient sampling. Their mental health, family resilience, pandemic stress perception and meta-mood were surveyed. Multivariate statistics were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Our results showed that (1) about 36.7% adolescents in our sample have some mental health problems; (2) family resilience can positively predict adolescent mental health, whereas pandemic stress perception can negatively predict mental health; (3) pandemic stress perception mediates the relationship between family resilience and adolescent mental health; (4) meta-mood moderates the relationship between family resilience and pandemic perception, i.e., the first half of the mediation role. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that one can either improve family resilience or improve adolescents' meta-mood to relieve adolescents' mental health problems.